Erosion

Erosion is the loss of tooth structure caused by chemical (acid) dissolution rather than mechanical forces. Unlike abrasion, which involves physical wear from things like brushing or grinding, erosion happens when acids soften and dissolve the mineral content of enamel and, eventually, the dentin beneath it.

The most common sources of erosive acids include citrus fruits and juices, carbonated beverages, sports drinks, wine, and vinegar-based foods. Stomach acid is another major culprit, particularly in patients who experience gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), frequent vomiting (as seen in eating disorders), or chronic morning sickness during pregnancy. The pattern of erosion on the teeth can sometimes help identify the source. For instance, erosion on the inside surfaces of the upper front teeth often points to stomach acid.

Catching erosion early is important because the damage is irreversible. In the early stages, teeth may appear smooth and slightly translucent at the edges. As it progresses, teeth can become visibly thinner, more yellow (as dentin shows through), and increasingly sensitive. Treatment focuses on stopping the source of acid exposure, strengthening remaining enamel with fluoride, and restoring damaged teeth with bonding or crowns when necessary. For practices, asking about diet and reflux symptoms during hygiene visits can help identify at-risk patients before the damage becomes severe.