Gum Recession

Gum recession is one of the most common conditions dentists see in adult patients, yet many people do not notice it until the sensitivity or cosmetic changes become significant. It occurs when the margin of gum tissue surrounding the teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or the tooth's root surface.

Several factors contribute to recession. Periodontal disease is the leading cause, as the bacterial infection gradually destroys gum tissue and supporting bone. But even patients with healthy gums can experience recession from brushing too aggressively, using a hard-bristled toothbrush, or clenching and grinding their teeth. Genetics also play a role. Some people simply have thinner, more fragile gum tissue that is more prone to recession regardless of their hygiene habits. The exposed root surface creates real problems beyond cosmetics. Roots are not covered by the hard enamel that protects the crown of the tooth, so they are much more susceptible to decay and sensitivity. Patients often report sharp pain with hot, cold, or sweet foods. In advanced cases, the recession can progress to the point where tooth stability is compromised.

Treatment depends on severity. Mild recession may be managed with desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride varnish, and changes to brushing technique. Moderate to severe cases often require a soft tissue graft to cover the exposed root and restore the gumline. For your practice, recession is an important finding to document at every exam, since tracking progression over time helps determine when intervention is needed and supports insurance justification for grafting procedures.